Engineering notes from the bench.
PCB war stories, firmware bring-up notes, certification gotchas, and the occasional rant about footprint libraries.
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BLE vs LoRa: Which Wireless Technology Fits Your Product?
BLE vs LoRa compared on range, data rate, battery life, infrastructure and regional rules, so you can choose the right wireless technology before you design the board.
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CE Marking vs FCC: What Changes When You Sell in Europe
CE marking vs FCC: what each one covers, who tests and signs, and what changes if your electronic product already passed FCC and now sells in Europe.
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ESP32 vs nRF52 Battery Life: Which Should You Pick?
ESP32 or nRF52 for a battery-powered product? How radio current, sleep current and wake-up behaviour decide battery life, with a worked example.
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Buck Converter EMC: Why It Fails Testing and How to Fix It
Buck converter EMC failures usually come from layout, not the chip. Here are the four mistakes we see most, and the cheap fixes to make before the board is fabricated.
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FCC Certification vs SDoC: Which Does Your Product Need?
Does your hardware need an FCC ID or an SDoC? Here is how to tell, what each route involves, and the pre-certified module mistake that catches teams out.
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What hardware certification actually costs
Every founder building a physical product eventually asks what hardware certification costs. The answers online are useless, because they are written by test labs whose business model depends on you calling them for a quote.